There exist special overloads of the exact-boundary `buffer`/`window` operators that takes a supplier of a source. (Example [JavaDocs](http://reactivex.io/RxJava/2.x/javadoc/io/reactivex/Flowable.html#buffer-java.util.concurrent.Callable-)). This supplier is called over and over once the previous boundary signaled an item or completed. I'm not sure if this type of boundary was in use at all. It can be emulated with the plain [sourced versiong](http://reactivex.io/RxJava/2.x/javadoc/io/reactivex/Flowable.html#buffer-org.reactivestreams.Publisher-): ```java source.buffer(Observable.defer(supplier).take(1).repeat()) ```